Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
For optimal and reproducible results, BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer should be used anytime two or more BD Horizon Brilliant dyes (including BD OptiBuild Brilliant reagents) are used in the same experiment. Fluorescent dye interactions may cause staining artifacts which may affect data interpretation. The BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer was designed to minimize these interactions. More information can be found in the Technical Data Sheet of the BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer (Cat. No. 563794).
Product Notices
- This antibody was developed for use in flow cytometry.
- The production process underwent stringent testing and validation to assure that it generates a high-quality conjugate with consistent performance and specific binding activity. However, verification testing has not been performed on all conjugate lots.
- Researchers should determine the optimal concentration of this reagent for their individual applications.
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
- Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
- BD Horizon Brilliant Stain Buffer is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,110,673; 8,158,444; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
- BD Horizon Brilliant Violet 421 is covered by one or more of the following US patents: 8,158,444; 8,362,193; 8,575,303; 8,354,239.
- Pacific Blue™ is a trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc., Eugene, OR.
Companion Products
The rmC5-3 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to residues 308-322 of the hydrophilic region of mouse CD14. CD14 is a 53-55 kDa glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein belonging to the leucine-rich glycoprotein repeat superfamily of cell-surface proteins. It is a receptor for the complex of lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin, from gram-negative bacteria) with LPS-binding protein (LBP, a plasma protein). CD14 serves as a receptor for LPS that can play a role in the cellular production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and TNF. CD14 can be involved in the development of endotoxic shock and LPS-stimulated bone resorption, and promotes, possibly indirectly, bacterial dissemination. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrates that rmC5-3 antibody stains J774A.1 (mouse macrophage line), WEHI-265.1 (mouse monocytic line), peritoneal resident macrophages, Kupffer cells, and cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, but not unstimulated splenic macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, or blood monocytes. This staining pattern is similar to that of the alternate anti-mouse CD14 mAb 4C1/CD14, which recognizes a different CD14 epitope, and differs from that of the human, where CD14 expression is characteristic of circulating monocytes and neutrophils. Therefore, data suggests that CD14 expression by leukocyte populations may differ in mice and humans. Peritoneal cells from naive mice, 3-day thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate, as well as 4-hour LPS-activated peritoneal cells, contain a population of Mac-1 (CD11b)-high cells which double-stain with rmC5-3 antibody. Levels of CD14 expression on Kupffer cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages and dendritic cells of LPS-sensitive mice are increased by in vivo and in vitro LPS treatments, an effect which may be mediated by TNF. Preliminary evidence suggests that CD14 may be up-regulated on mouse blood neutrophils. In agreement with the observations that CD14 is shed from activated human and mouse monocytes, rmC5-3 mAb detects soluble CD14 in the serum of LPS-treated mice in a time-dependent manner.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ BV421 which is part of the BD Horizon Brilliant™ Violet family of dyes. With an Ex Max of 407-nm and Em Max at 421-nm, BD Horizon BV421 can be excited by the violet laser and detected in the standard Pacific Blue™ filter set (eg, 450/50-nm filter). BD Horizon BV421 conjugates are very bright, often exhibiting a 10 fold improvement in brightness compared to Pacific Blue conjugates.
Development References (13)
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Fearns C, Kravchenko VV, Ulevitch RJ, Loskutoff DJ. Murine CD14 gene expression in vivo: extramyeloid synthesis and regulation by lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1995; 181(3):857-866. (Biology). View Reference
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Fearns C, Loskutoff DJ. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in induction of murine CD14 gene expression by lipopolysaccharide. Infect Immun. 1997; 65(11):4822-4831. (Biology). View Reference
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Ferrero E, Hsieh CL, Francke U, Goyert SM. CD14 is a member of the family of leucine-rich proteins and is encoded by a gene syntenic with multiple receptor genes. J Immunol. 1990; 145(1):331-336. (Biology). View Reference
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Haziot A, Ferrero E, Kontgen F, et al. Resistance to endotoxin shock and reduced dissemination of gram-negative bacteria in CD14-deficient mice. Immunity. 1996; 4(4):407-414. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Mahnke K, Becher P, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Luger TA, Schawrz T Grabbe S. CD14 is expressed by subsets of murine dendritic cells and upregulated by lipopolysaccharide. In: Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, ed. Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology. New York: Plenum Press; 1997:145-159.
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Matsuura K, Ishida T, Setoguchi M, Higuchi Y, Akizuki S, Yamamoto S. Upregulation of mouse CD14 expression in Kupffer cells by lipopolysaccharide. J Exp Med. 1994; 179(5):1671-1676. (Immunogen: ELISA, Flow cytometry, Immunohistochemistry, Western blot). View Reference
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Miyata Y, Takeda H, Kitano S, Hanazawa S. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide-stimulated bone resorption via CD14 is inhibited by broad-spectrum antibiotics. Infect Immun. 1997; 65(9):3513-3519. (Clone-specific: Immunohistochemistry). View Reference
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Nasu N, Yoshida S, Akizuki S, Higuchi Y, Setoguchi M, Yamamoto S. Molecular and physiological properties of murine CD14. Int Immunol. 1991; 3(2):205-213. (Biology). View Reference
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Pulendran B, Lingappa J, Kennedy MK, et al. Developmental pathways of dendritic cells in vivo: distinct function, phenotype, and localization of dendritic cell subsets in FLT3 ligand-treated mice. J Immunol. 1997; 159(5):2222-2231. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Stewart CC. Methods for studying the ontogeny of monnuclear phagocytes. In: Weir DM, Herzenberg LA, Blackwell C, ed. Weir's Handbook of Experiemental Immunology. Blackwell Science Publications; 1986:44.1-44.17.
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Takakuwa T, Knopf HP, Sing A, Carsetti R, Galanos C, Freudenberg MA. Induction of CD14 expression in Lpsn, Lpsd and tumor necrosis factor receptor-deficient mice. Eur J Immunol. 1996; 26(11):2686-2692. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Takamatsu S, Nakashima I, Nakano K. Modulation of endotoxin-induced histamine synthesis by cytokines in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. J Immunol. 1996; 156(2):778-785. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Takezawa R, Watanabe Y, Akaike T. Direct evidence of macrophage differentiation from bone marrow cells in the liver: a possible origin of Kupffer cells. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1995; 118(6):1175-1183. (Biology). View Reference
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Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described
Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims. Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.
For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.