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Two-color flow cytometric analysis of Ki-67 expression by noncycling human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or proliferating MOLT-4 cells. Noncycling human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; Top Plots) or proliferating cells from the human MOLT-4 (ATCC CRL-1582) cell line (Bottom Plots) were permeabilized and fixed with 70% ice-cold ethanol. The cells were washed twice with BD Pharmingen™ Stain Buffer (FBS) (Cat. No. 554656), stained with either BD Horizon™ R718 Mouse IgG1 Isotype Control (Cat. No. 566928; Left Plots) or BD Horizon™ R718 Mouse Anti-Ki-67 antibody (Cat. No. 566963; Right Plots) and counterstained with BD Pharmingen™ DAPI Solution (Cat. No. 564907) to stain DNA. Bivariate pseudocolor density plots showing the correlated expression of DAPI staining versus Ki-67 (or Ig isotype Control staining) were derived from gated events with the forward and side light-scatter characteristics of intact PBMC or MOLT-4 cells. Flow cytometry and data analysis were performed using a BD LSRFortessa™ Cell Analyzer System and FlowJo™ software.
BD Horizon™ R718 Mouse Anti-Ki-67
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Preparation And Storage
Recommended Assay Procedures
BD® CompBeads can be used as surrogates to assess fluorescence spillover (Compensation). When fluorochrome conjugated antibodies are bound to BD® CompBeads, they have spectral properties very similar to cells. However, for some fluorochromes there can be small differences in spectral emissions compared to cells, resulting in spillover values that differ when compared to biological controls. It is strongly recommended that when using a reagent for the first time, users compare the spillover on cells and BD CompBeads to ensure that BD® CompBeads are appropriate for your specific cellular application.
Product Notices
- This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
- An isotype control should be used at the same concentration as the antibody of interest.
- Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
- Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Life Technologies Corporation.
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- Species cross-reactivity detected in product development may not have been confirmed on every format and/or application.
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Companion Products
The B56 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the Ki-67 antigen that is expressed in the nucleus of cycling cells (G1, S, G2, M cell cycle phases). During the G0 phase, the antigen cannot be detected. During interphase of the cell cycle, it is associated with nucleolar components, and it is on the surface of the chromosomes during M phase. Ki-67 is a large protein having 2 alternatively spliced isoforms, an N-terminal forkhead-associated domain, a C-terminal domain that binds to heterochromatin proteins, and multiple phosphorylation sites, the functions of which are still unclear. Because of the strict association of Ki-67 expression with cell proliferation, anti-Ki-67 antibodies are useful for the identification, quantification, and monitoring of growing cell populations.
The antibody was conjugated to BD Horizon™ Red 718, which has been developed exclusively by for BD Biosciences as a better alternative to Alexa Fluor™ 700. BD Horizon™ Red 718 can be excited by the red laser (628 – 640 nm) and, with an Em Max around 718 nm, it can be detected using a 730/45 nm filter. Due to similar excitation and emission properties, we do not recommend using R718 in combination with APC-R700 or Alexa Fluor™ 700.
Development References (14)
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Benson MJ, Elgueta R, Schpero W, et al. Distinction of the memory B cell response to cognate antigen versus bystander inflammatory signals. J Exp Med. 2009; 206(9):2013-2025. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Bigley V, Haniffa M, Doulatov S, et al. The human syndrome of dendritic cell, monocyte, B and NK lymphoid deficiency. J Exp Med. 2011; 208(2):227-234. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Bruno S, Crissman HA, Bauer KD, Darzynkiewicz Z. Changes in cell nuclei during S phase: progressive chromatin condensation and altered expression of the proliferation-associated nuclear proteins Ki-67, cyclin (PCNA), p105, and p34. Exp Cell Res. 1991; 196(1):99-106. (Biology: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Bruno S, Darzynkiewicz Z. Cell cycle dependent expression and stability of the nuclear protein detected by Ki-67 antibody in HL-60 cells. Cell Prolif. 1992; 25(1):31-40. (Biology: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Kill IR. Localisation of the Ki-67 antigen within the nucleolus: evidence for a fibrillarin-deficient region of the dense fibrillar component. J Cell Sci. 1996; 109(6):1253-1263. (Biology). View Reference
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Kouro T, Medina KL, Oritani K, Kincade PW. Characteristics of early murine B-lymphocyte precursors and their direct sensitivity to negative regulators. Blood. 2001; 97(9):2708-2715. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Kubbutat MH, Key G, Duchrow M, Schluter C, Flad HD, Gerdes J. Epitope analysis of antibodies recognising the cell proliferation associated nuclear antigen previously defined by the antibody Ki-67 (Ki-67 protein). J Clin Pathol. 1994; 47(6):524-528. (Biology). View Reference
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Picker LJ, Hagen SI, Lum R, et al. Insufficient production and tissue delivery of CD4+ memory T cells in rapidly progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J Exp Med. 2004; 200(10):1299-1314. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Pitcher CJ, Hagen SI, Walker JM, et al. Development and homeostasis of T cell memory in rhesus macaque. J Immunol. 2002; 168(1):29-43. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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Scholzen T, Gerdes J. The Ki-67 protein: from the known and the unknown.. J Cell Physiol. 2000; 182(3):311-22. (Biology). View Reference
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Shi SR, Key ME, Kalra KL. Antigen retrieval in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues: an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining based on microwave oven heating of tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem. 1991; 39(6):741-748. (Biology). View Reference
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Spargo LDJ, Cleland LG, Cockshell MP, Mayrhofer Graham. Recruitment and proliferation of CD4+ T cells in synovium following adoptive transfer of adjuvant-induced arthritis. Int Immunol. 2006; 18(6):897-910. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry, Immunofluorescence).
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Starborg M, Gell K, Brundell E, Höög C. The murine Ki-67 cell proliferation antigen accumulates in the nucleolar and heterochromatic regions of interphase cells and at the periphery of the mitotic chromosomes in a process essential for cell cycle progression. J Cell Sci. 1996; 109(1):143-153. (Biology). View Reference
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Valenti LM, Mathieu J, Chancerelle Y, et al. High levels of endogenous nitric oxide produced after burn injury in rats arrest activated T lymphocytes in the first G1 phase of the cell cycle and then induce their apoptosis. Exp Cell Res. 2005; 306(1):150-167. (Clone-specific: Flow cytometry). View Reference
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