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      PE Mouse anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425)
      PE Mouse anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425)
      Analyses of Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) expression   Panel 1: Flow cytometric analysis of Ramos cells, human PBMC, and mouse spleen cells. For Panel 1a, cells were cultured overnight in serum-free medium (Ramos, spleen) or medium containing 0.1% FBS (PBMC) and then either not treated (dashed line histogram) or treated with TGF-β (solid line histogram; Cat. No. 354039; 10 ng/mL, 30 min, 37°C). For Panel 1b, freshly isolated splenocytes were either not treated (dashed line histogram) or treated with TGF-β in the presence (shaded histogram) or absence (solid line histogram) of the SB 431542 ALK receptor inhibitor (Sigma Cat. No. S4317; 5 µM). Cells were fixed in 1X BD Phosflow™ Lyse/Fix Buffer (Cat. No. 558049; 10 min, 37°C) and permeabilized in BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050; 30 min, on ice). Cells were stained with BD Phosflow™ PE Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (Cat. No. 562586). For Panel 1a, PBMC were co-stained with PerCP-Cy™5.5 Mouse Anti-Human CD20 mAb (Cat. No. 558021). For Panel 1b, cells were co-stained with Pacific Blue™ Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 and APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD45R/B220 mAbs. Data were generated using a BD FACSCanto™ II Flow Cytometer. Panel 1b data courtesy of Irah King & Markus Mohrs, Trudeau Institute.   Panel 2: Western blot analysis. Cells were serum-starved overnight and then either not treated (C) or treated with TGF-β (T), as in Panel 1a. Lysates were blotted using Purified Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (2 µg/mL). Phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 were identified as ~60 kDa and ~52 kDa bands, respectively. The lower molecular weight band detected in mouse spleen lysates is endogenous mouse Ig light chain.   Panel 3: Immunohistochemical staining. An EDTA-pretreated, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil section was stained with Ig Isotype Control (Cat. No. 550878) or Purified Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (20X original magnification).
      PE Mouse anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) PE Mouse anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425)
      Analyses of Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) expression   Panel 1: Flow cytometric analysis of Ramos cells, human PBMC, and mouse spleen cells. For Panel 1a, cells were cultured overnight in serum-free medium (Ramos, spleen) or medium containing 0.1% FBS (PBMC) and then either not treated (dashed line histogram) or treated with TGF-β (solid line histogram; Cat. No. 354039; 10 ng/mL, 30 min, 37°C). For Panel 1b, freshly isolated splenocytes were either not treated (dashed line histogram) or treated with TGF-β in the presence (shaded histogram) or absence (solid line histogram) of the SB 431542 ALK receptor inhibitor (Sigma Cat. No. S4317; 5 µM). Cells were fixed in 1X BD Phosflow™ Lyse/Fix Buffer (Cat. No. 558049; 10 min, 37°C) and permeabilized in BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (Cat. No. 558050; 30 min, on ice). Cells were stained with BD Phosflow™ PE Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (Cat. No. 562586). For Panel 1a, PBMC were co-stained with PerCP-Cy™5.5 Mouse Anti-Human CD20 mAb (Cat. No. 558021). For Panel 1b, cells were co-stained with Pacific Blue™ Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 and APC Rat Anti-Mouse CD45R/B220 mAbs. Data were generated using a BD FACSCanto™ II Flow Cytometer. Panel 1b data courtesy of Irah King & Markus Mohrs, Trudeau Institute.   Panel 2: Western blot analysis. Cells were serum-starved overnight and then either not treated (C) or treated with TGF-β (T), as in Panel 1a. Lysates were blotted using Purified Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (2 µg/mL). Phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3 were identified as ~60 kDa and ~52 kDa bands, respectively. The lower molecular weight band detected in mouse spleen lysates is endogenous mouse Ig light chain.   Panel 3: Immunohistochemical staining. An EDTA-pretreated, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tonsil section was stained with Ig Isotype Control (Cat. No. 550878) or Purified Mouse Anti-Smad2 (pS465/pS467)/Smad3 (pS423/pS425) mAb (20X original magnification).
      Product Details
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      BD Phosflow™
      SMAD2, SMAD3; MADH2, MADH3; MAD homolog 2, MAD homolog 3
      Human (QC Testing), Mouse (Tested in Development), Rat (Predicted)
      Mouse IgG1, κ
      Phosphorylated Human Smad2 Peptide
      Intracellular staining (flow cytometry) (Routinely Tested)
      5 µl
      AB_11151915
      Aqueous buffered solution containing BSA and ≤0.09% sodium azide.
      RUO


      Preparation And Storage

      Store undiluted at 4°C and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. The antibody was conjugated with R-PE under optimum conditions, and unconjugated antibody and free PE were removed.
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      Recommended Assay Procedures

      This antibody conjugate is suitable for intracellular staining of human lymphoid cell lines, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and mouse splenocytes using BD Cytofix™ Fixation Buffer or BD Phosflow™ Lyse/Fix Buffer with BD Phosflow™ Perm Buffer III (see table, below). Prior to stimulation, cells were serum starved overnight at a density of 2-10 million cells/mL in flat-bottom 96- or 6-well tissue culture plates or in loosely capped, round-bottom tubes containing approximately 100 μL of cells in suspension.

      Note:

      1. Serum starvation for 2 hours following PBMC isolation was not sufficient to reduce basal phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3.

      2. Do not mix or agitate untreated cells until just before the cells are ready to be fixed, since agitation of serum-starved mouse or human primary leukocytes prior to fixation increased Smad2/3 phosphorylation, even in the absence of exogenous TGF-β.

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      Product Notices

      1. This reagent has been pre-diluted for use at the recommended Volume per Test. We typically use 1 × 10^6 cells in a 100-µl experimental sample (a test).
      2. For fluorochrome spectra and suitable instrument settings, please refer to our Multicolor Flow Cytometry web page at www.bdbiosciences.com/colors.
      3. Please refer to www.bdbiosciences.com/us/s/resources for technical protocols.
      4. Caution: Sodium azide yields highly toxic hydrazoic acid under acidic conditions. Dilute azide compounds in running water before discarding to avoid accumulation of potentially explosive deposits in plumbing.
      5. Source of all serum proteins is from USDA inspected abattoirs located in the United States.
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      562586 Rev. 1
      Antibody Details
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      O72-670

      The O72-670 monoclonal antibody specifically binds to the Smad2 protein phosphorylated at the Ser465/467 sites and the Smad3 protein phosphorylated at the Ser423/425 sites. Smad2 and Smad3 are members of the Smad superfamily with observed molecular weights of 60 kDa and 52 kDa, respectively. The Smad family consists of three subfamilies: receptor regulated Smads or R-Smads, including Smads1, 2, 3, 5, and 8; common partner Smad, or Co-Smad, including Smad4; and inhibitory Smads, or I-Smad, including Smads 6 and 7. Activation of TGF-beta superfamily serine/threonine kinase receptors, such as TGF-beta, activin and BMP receptors, by their bound ligands leads to the phosphorylation of R-Smads at several sites. It has been shown that the ligand-bound TGF-beta type I receptor directly phosphorylates Ser465 and Ser467 of Smad2 and Ser423 and Ser425 of Smad3. Phosphorylated R-Smads form complexes with Co-Smad and translocate into the nucleus to regulate transcription affecting a wide range of critical cellular processes including cell-fate determination, proliferation, morphogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis. The inhibitory Smads inhibit this pathway through two potential mechanisms: either by preventing R-Smads from binding to their corresponding receptors and/or by competing with Smad4, the Co-Smad, from binding to R-Smads.  High level expression of phosphorylated Smad2 has been associated with poor prognosis in late stage gastric carcinoma. Roles for Smad2 have been described in thymopoiesis and the TGF-β-mediated induction of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells. The specificity of the  O72-670 mAb was confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry using unconjugated antibody.

      562586 Rev. 1
      Format Details
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      PE
      R-Phycoerythrin (PE), is part of the BD family of Phycobiliprotein dyes. This fluorochrome is a multimeric fluorescent phycobiliprotein with excitation maximum (Ex Max) of 496 nm and 566 nm and an emission maximum (Em Max) at 576 nm. PE is designed to be excited by the Blue (488 nm), Green (532 nm) and Yellow-Green (561 nm) lasers and detected using an optical filter centered near 575 nm (e.g., a 575/26-nm bandpass filter). As PE is excited by multiple lasers, this can result in cross-laser excitation and fluorescence spillover on instruments with various combinations of Blue, Green, and Yellow-Green lasers. Please ensure that your instrument’s configurations (lasers and optical filters) are appropriate for this dye.
      altImg
      PE
      Yellow-Green 488 nm, 532 nm, 561 nm
      496 nm, 566 nm
      576 nm
      562586 Rev.1
      Citations & References
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      View product citations for antibody "562586" on CiteAb

      Development References (7)

      1. Abdollah S, Macías-Silva M, Tsukazaki T, Hayashi H, Attisano L, Wrana JL. TbetaRI phosphorylation of Smad2 on Ser465 and Ser467 is required for Smad2-Smad4 complex formation and signaling. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(44):27678-27685. (Biology). View Reference
      2. Heldin CH, Miyazono K, ten Dijke P. TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins. Nature. 1997; 390(6659):465-471. (Biology). View Reference
      3. Martinez GJ, Zhang Z, Reynolds JM, et al. Smad2 positively regulates the generation of Th17 cells. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285(38):29039-29043. (Biology). View Reference
      4. Moustakas A, Souchelnytskyi S, Heldin CH. Smad regulation in TGF-beta signal transduction. J Cell Sci. 2001; 114(24):4359-69. (Biology). View Reference
      5. Rosendahl A, Speletas M, Leandersson K, Ivars F, Sideras P. Transforming growth factor-beta- and Activin-Smad signaling pathways are activated at distinct maturation stages of the thymopoeisis. Int Immunol. 2003; 15(12):1401-1414. (Biology). View Reference
      6. Shinto O, Yashiro M, Toyokawa T, et al. Phosphorylated Smad2 in advanced stage gastric carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 2010; 10:652. (Biology). View Reference
      7. Souchelnytskyi S, Tamaki K, Engström U, Wernstedt C, ten Dijke P, Heldin CH. Phosphorylation of Ser465 and Ser467 in the C terminus of Smad2 mediates interaction with Smad4 and is required for transforming growth factor-beta signaling. J Biol Chem. 1997; 272(44):28107-28115. (Biology). View Reference
      View All (7) View Less
      562586 Rev. 1

       

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      Global - Refer to manufacturer's instructions for use and related User Manuals and Technical data sheets before using this products as described


      Comparisons, where applicable, are made against older BD Technology, manual methods or are general performance claims.  Comparisons are not made against non-BD technologies, unless otherwise noted.

      For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.